Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. (2011). For example, it would be difficult for us as a society to work on natural science and engineering problems such as batteries, vaccines, etc., if we did not have a civil society, a functioning banking system, universal education, safe streets, etc.and all of these are social problems, not natural science problems. Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. The geopolitical nuclear landscape . His wife April had to quit her teaching job to take care of him, and their life savings slowly dwindled. Shah, A. Episode 1, Season 1 of Social Science of War examines the implications for land warfare from the Russian invasion of Ukrainethe biggest land war in Europe since World War II. As its name implies, mandatory spending is required by various laws and includes such things as Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, and interest payments on the national debt. Identify two social issues related to war 2 See answers Advertisement theblastmaster2000xd Answer: Class war is the most promitent in the united states right now (Coming from a communist and whos father was in the BPP) Explanation: That is a perspective I did not think about. But not all civilians are affected equally. Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. (2012, February 8). In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. The chief academic disciplines of the social sciences are anthropology, economics, history, political science, and sociology. Regardless of these problems, this growing body of research documents how often rape and sexual assault in the military occur. (2012). Most arms exports from the United States and other exporters go to developing nations. (2011, July 22). Daedalus, 133(4), 2535. Speier, J. Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. The article presents major trends and turning points in the growth of five social science disciplines in the country: anthropology, economics, political science, psychology and sociology. (2012, January 2). Religion is a very important ideology in this regard. ), The Routledge handbook of security studies (pp. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. If warfare is not biological in origin, then it is best understood as a social phenomenon, one that has its roots in the decisions of political and military officials. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. "We need people who understand the tremendous technical problems and controversies that we face, but also that technical problems are never just technical. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . CNN.com. When it comes to our wars overseas, he adds, concern for the victims is limited to U.S. troops.. Introduction. In athletics, gender inequality and racial discrimination are the main social issues that affect females. 221232). After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. The Washington Post. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Each of these warheads is an average of at least twenty times more powerful than each of the atomic bombs that decimated Japan. Herdy, A., & Moffeit, M. (2004). . San Francisco Chronicle, p. A6. Boot, M. (2012). When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. In shedding light on the prevalence of military rape and sexual assault and on the many negative effects of these crimes, social science research has performed an important service. It also documents the psychological and health effects of military sexual assault (MSA). By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. This episode of the Social Science of War podcast examines the challenges posed by cyber . A social studies essay might be assigned to any middle school, high school, or college student. The primary mode of research involved survey questionnaires given anonymously to samples, many of them random, of military members. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Sexual assault in the US military: A review of the literature and recommendations for the future. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . Friends Committee on National Legislation. The establishment of foreign bases provided the Commission of Government with an unforeseen amount of wealth, which it used to improve social services. (1971). Despite this need, research on sexual assault in the military was scant before the early 2000s. She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Social studies is an integrated research field. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. While the film is in Japanese, its simple yet challenging message applies to all of us: We will never truly be able to address the problem of poverty when so much of society looks at being poor as . The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). Military preparedness does not come cheap. I think it partly reflects a better understanding of the problems that led to war. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched When these costs are taken into account, the total 2011 military budget ranged between an estimated $1.2 trillion and $1.4 trillion (Friends Committee on National Legislation, 2012; War Resisters League, 2012). War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. International relations debates have become increasingly dominated by structural theories since Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. published their institutional argument in Power and Interdependence (1977). Vaccine At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was introduced to the world. Leitenberg, M. (2006). First, war, terrorism, genocide, and other armed conflicts do continue. This work goes under a variety of names, including 'human dynamics' and 'computational social science'. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. (2011, June 17). Acting out wars inner wounds. Hartung, W. D. (2012). New York Times, p. B4. Status of world nuclear forces. napalm sticks to kids. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Why we should help veterans start their own businesses. Human and human social systems are matter. The nation rightly grieved these deaths when they occurred and built monuments, such as the Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in Washington, DC, that list the names of the dead. Social issues news. England, G. (2012, February 5). When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. Holland, J. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . The social sciences are primarily academic enterprises, more so than either the biological or physical sciences, and the academic portion of the discipline is not only overwhelmingly larger than other sectors but also overpoweringly more prestigious. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Although she survived, it took seventeen surgeries to turn her whole again. One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. Many veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have also come back home with these problems. According to this argument, war is part of our genetic heritage because the humans who survived tens of thousands of years ago were those who were most able, by virtue of their temperament and physicality, to take needed resources from other humans they attacked and to defend themselves from attackers. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institutes. One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. Recall that when weather disasters and other environmental changes cause drought and other problems, crops and other resources become scarcer. Federation of American Scientists. The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. Pinker, S. (2012). Turchik, J. We both wound up suspended for that one (Ashton, 2011). Looking after the soldier, back home and damaged. (1999). Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. Social Issues in Sports & Activities: Athletics. The structural approach was soon bolstered by Kenneth Waltz's neorealist Theory of International Politics (1979), and reinforced 20 years later on a different front by Alexander . Since Arias wrote these words, the United States has spent more than $5.5 trillion on defense outlays in constant dollars (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010), including $1.3 trillion on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . The suicide rate of the general population is only 11.3 deaths per 100,000 population. Much of these mandatory expenses are funded by trust funds, such as Social Security taxes, which are raised and spent separately from income taxes. (2012). China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/blog/165487/job-numbers-are-veterans-are-left-behind. Theme: Exploring Social Science Issues, learning block 1-1 (page 4) Social science is the scholarly study of human society and social relationships. These issues basically have two forms of impactfirst, the student's performance suffers, and second, the teacher starts having different . As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/Stories/0,0,36%257E30137%257E,00.html. NIJ's portfolio of social science research on forensic science was built in three "waves." Four decades later, questions of deceit were again raised after the United States began the war against Iraq because of its alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Students gain a deep understanding of the ways that social scientists and historians have analyzed the identities, experiences, and worldviews of U.S. military veterans. World War I again provides an interesting example of such changes. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. One of the most obvious problems is war, which, I would argue, has become obsolete. Choose one of the five social institutions. Quality and affordable writing services. It emerged from china and spread worldwide in a quick time span. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Inevitably, Vietnamese civilians were in the path of the fireballs generated by the US and South Vietnamese militaries. (2011). Halperin, S. (2004). The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. This page houses a range of articles that address the intersection of people and change today with issues such as technological advancement, diversity, equity and inclusion, climate change, underrepresentation and research methodology improvements constantly taking shape today. The thirteenth-century Mongolians killed their 40 million with battleaxes and other crude weapons; the World War II deaths resulted from gunfire and conventional bombs. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Our services Expert answer:SNHU Social Science Issues Related to War and Educ by | Feb 16, 2022 | Uncategorized Solved by verified expert:Identify two social science issues related to war. Image courtesy of Sgt. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. The Washington Post, p. B01. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. National Priorities Project. US veterans: By the numbers. The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. The social sciences are concerned with the study of human society and with the relationship of individuals in, and to, society. They also say that the stationing of some 300,000 American troops on 865 military bases abroad at the time of this writing, including 81,000 troops in Europe and 220,000 in other nations, is hardly needed to ensure the nations defense. appeared first on Yourhomeworksolutions. (2012, February 17). Second, the world today is a much more dangerous place than in the past because of the existence of nuclear weapons. New York, NY: Penguin. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. Nuclear weapons overview. Identify two social science issues related to education. As a reminder, the social science principles we focus on in this course are social roles, social institutions, social norms, and beliefs and values. Castelli, C. J. A.I.D.E. Rafter, N. H. (1990). 7 answers. Veterans in History and Society. Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. Victims of military rape deserve justice. The trend continued in 2013, when we funded seven projects. Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). According to a recent estimate, $1 billion spent by the Pentagon creates 11,200 jobs, but the same $1 billion spent in other sectors would create 16,800 clean energy jobs, 17,200 health-care jobs, and 26,700 education jobs (Pollin & Garrett-Peltier, 2011). The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. Social Sciences runs special issues to create collections of papers on specific topics. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. War Resisters League. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering. Reflecting on these findings, an author of the study said, Its really time to focus on the children that are left behind (Ashton, 2011). Poverty, discrimination, and addiction are examples of such problems. War is a social phenomenon in which a mixture of motives underlies decisions to go to war. This is the longest peace in recorded history by far. Do you think the US military budget should be increased, be reduced, or stay about the same? New York Times, June 23, p. A19. Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan War have a higher suicide rate than that of the general public. (2012, January 12). Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. . Although the causes of World War II are complex, Hitlers effort to conquer much of Europe stemmed at least partly from his belief that Aryans (Germans and other Europeans with blond hair and blue eyes) were a superior species and non-Aryans were an inferior species (Bess, 2008). For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. An Associated Press photo of her running naked and screaming with burns after her village was napalmed was one of the most memorable photos of that war. First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. By any measure, then, the US military has played a fundamental role, for better or worse, in the nations foreign affairs historically and also today. Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Ashton, A. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. Random, of course, began with the colonial war against england in drug use and binge drinking student! 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Was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc, and the military-industrial complex damaged...

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