Read more about himhere. Which country did the Tainos come from to Jamaica? Caciques enjoyed the privilege of wearing golden pendants called guann, living in square bohos, instead of the round ones of ordinary villagers, and sitting on wooden stools to be above the guests they received. Besides their native Cariban languages, Carib people speak some other languages as well. [41], The Tano society, as described by the Spanish chroniclers, was composed of four social classes: the cacique, the nitanos, the behiques, and the naborias. The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions Volume 1: A-L; Volume 2: M-Z. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Of the two major haplotypes found, one does not exist in the Tano ancestral group, so other Native American people are also among the genetic ancestors. According to Jos Barreiro, a direct translation of the word "Tano" signified "men of the good". She also had twin sons: Boinayel, the messenger of rain, and Marohu, the spirit of clear skies. [113], A genetic study published in 2018 provided some evidence of a present-day Caribbean population being related to the Tanos. [71] Women appeared to have participated in all levels of the Tano political hierarchy, occupying roles as high up as being cazicas. [32][full citation needed] The cacique and his family lived in rectangular buildings (caney) of similar construction, with wooden porches. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [39] The nitanos were considered the nobles of the tribes. It works! The Tano believed that zemis, gods of both sexes, represented by both human and animal forms, provided protection. While the populations of Europe rebounded following the devastating population decline associated with the Black Death, there was no such rebound for the indigenous populations of the Caribbean. Baltimore: U of Illinois, 2015. 2 What food did the Tainos bring to the Caribbean? In total, 35,856 Puerto Ricans identified as Native American. He concludes that, even though the Spanish were aware of deadly diseases such as smallpox, there is no mention of them in the New World until 1519, meaning perhaps they didn't spread as fast as initially believed, and that unlike Europeans, the indigenous populations were subjected to slavery, exploitation, and forced labor in gold and silver mines on an enormous scale. [105], In Puerto Rico, the history of the Tano is being taught in schools and children are encouraged to celebrate the culture and identity of Tano through dance, costumes and crafts. They were agriculturalists whose basic food cropscorn, manioc, and beanswere supplemented by hunting and fishing. Two early chroniclers, Bartolom de las Casas and Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, reported that a chief was succeeded by a son of a sister. Web. They enjoyed the green part of the crab meat in the shell, which they mixed with lime juice making a sauce called tamaulin which they ate with cassava bread. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ackee and saltfish, national dish of Jamaica. Games on the batey are believed to have been used for conflict resolution between communities. To date, he serves over 9,300 unique readers / viewers per day. [citation needed] The origin of the oceans is described in the story of a huge flood that occurred when the great spirit Yaya murdered his son Yayael (who was about to murder his father). How do you find the area of a deck around a pool? They raised their crops in a conuco, a large mound which was You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Western Tano groups included the Lucayan of the Bahamas, the Ciboney of central Cuba, and the inhabitants of Jamaica. In addition to the guann, the cacique used other artifacts and adornments to serve to identify his role. What did Christopher Columbus do with the Taino culture? Do like I did! Similarly, "Island Tano" has been used to refer only to those living in the Windward Islands, or to the northern Caribbean inhabitants, as well as to the indigenous population of all the Caribbean islands. One of the primary crops cultivated by the Tano was cassava or yuca, which they ate as a flat bread. 7 What languages are spoken in the Caribs? Who sings the theme song on half and half? On Columbus fourth voyage to the New World in 1503, he sought refuge near a Taino village called Maima in Jamaica. [26] Bohiques were extolled for their healing powers and ability to speak with deities. [2][3] At the time of European contact in the late 15th century, they were the principal inhabitants of most of what is now Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and the northern Lesser Antilles. Jamaican patties served with Red Stripe beer. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The word tayno or tano, with the meaning "good" or "prudent", was mentioned twice in an account of Columbus's second voyage by his physician, Diego lvarez Chanca, while in Guadeloupe. [101], Scholars also note that contemporary rural Dominicans retain elements of Tano culture: including linguistic features, agricultural practices, food ways, medicine, fishing practices, technology, architecture, oral history, and religious views. They also speculate that it was an independent language isolate, with an Arawakan pidgin used for communication purposes with other peoples, as in trading. Rouse classifies all inhabitants of the Greater Antilles as Tano (except the western tip of Cuba and small pockets of Hispaniola), the Lucayan archipelago, and the northern Lesser Antilles. Other Carib groups did little farming and acquired peppers and cassava through trade or raiding. WebThe Taino, also known as the Arawaks, migrated from the Caribbean coast of South America, moving northward along the island chain of the lesser Antilles to the greater Antilles, around 1200 ce. [42] They followed a very efficient nature harvesting and agricultural production system. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Before carrying out these functions, the behiques performed certain cleansing and purifying rituals, such as fasting for several days and inhaling sacred tobacco snuff. [74], Early population estimates of Hispaniola, probably the most populous island inhabited by Tanos, range from 10,000 to 1,000,000 people. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. This article is about the Tano people. When they were first encountered by Europeans, the Taino practiced a high-yielding form of shifting agriculture to grow their staple foods, cassava and yams. [51] The primary root crop was yuca or cassava, a woody shrub cultivated for its edible and starchy tuberous root. Tano religion centered on the worship of zemis.[5]. [13] The people who inhabited most of the Greater Antilles when Europeans arrived in the New World have been denominated as Tanos, a term coined by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1836. Both all-inclusive luxury resorts offer unique vacation experiences in Jamaica. Why do we celebrate Black History month in Jamaica? What famous explorer did they meet? What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? The Taino legacy is barbecue, an ancient tradition left to grace our cuisine today. Taylor, Patrick, and Frederick I. The most elaborate ball courts are found at chiefdom boundaries. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Wild parrots were decoyed with domesticated birds, and iguanas were taken from trees and other vegetation. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. [110] A recent study of a population in eastern Puerto Rico, where the majority of persons tested claimed Tano ancestry and pedigree, showed that they had 61% mtDNA (distant maternal ancestry) from the Tano, and 0% Y-chromosome DNA (distant paternal ancestry) from the indigenous people. Various scholars have addressed the question of who were the native inhabitants of the Caribbean islands to which Columbus voyaged in 1492. The 5 Star Hotel Riu Bambu has 1,000 rooms equipped with the best amenities. Tano culture as documented is believed to have developed in the Caribbean. Web. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Simply click here to return to. Columbus described the Tanos as a physically tall, well-proportioned people, with a noble and kind personality. For Authentic Jamaican products, from my very own hands, visit my Etsy store here. Tano cultivation was converted to Spanish methods. [citation needed] The encomienda system brought many Tano to work in the fields and mines in exchange for Spanish protection,[81] education, and a seasonal salary. Histories of the Caribbean commonly describe the Tano as extinct, due to being killed off by disease, slavery, and war with the Spaniards. Their language is considered to have belonged to the Arawak language family, the languages of which were historically present throughout the Caribbean, and much of Central and South America. He is the son of Atabey and god of the sea. Bammy or cassava bread was the staple of the Tainos. Two schools of thought have emerged regarding the origin of the indigenous people of the Caribbean. Once this happened, some of the Tano would dive into the water to assist in retrieving the catch. For warfare, the men made wooden war clubs, which they called a macana. The costal natives relied heavily on fishing, and tended to eat their fish She is identified as the goddess of the hurricanes or as the zemi of storms. [citation needed], Guabancex was the non-nurturing aspect of the zemi Atabey who had control over natural disasters. Houses were built of logs and poles with thatched roofs. They were a branch of the Tainos who inhabited most of the Caribbean islands at the time. How? He subdivides the Tano into three main groups: Classic Tano, from most of Hispaniola and all of Puerto Rico; Western Tano, or sub-Tano, from Jamaica, most of Cuba, and the Lucayan archipelago; and Eastern Tano, from the Virgin Islands to Montserrat.[19]. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. As a result, Tano women had extensive control over their lives, their co-villagers, and their bodies. There the Tano intermingled with escaped enslaved Africans. Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archeology and Traditional Culture. Cotton was grown and spun into cloth, and along with the many other items produced by the skilled Tano craftspeople, was used in a widespread trade network among the islands. "[84] It would take some time before the Tano revolted against their oppressors both Indian and Spanish alike and many military campaigns before Emperor Charles V eradicated the encomienda system as a form of slavery. [37], The Tano were the most culturally advanced of the Arawak group to settle in what is now Puerto Rico. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Bammy Economy. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". They Traditionally, the cassava is grated and placed in a press bag (woven with thatch leaves) and placed in an outdoor press where heavy stones are loaded on. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Sign me up! What experience do you need to become a teacher? How many rooms does Riu Bambu Punta Cana have? [35], Some words they used, such as barbacoa ("barbecue"), hamaca ("hammock"), kanoa ("canoe"), tabaco ("tobacco"), sabana (savanna) and juracn ("hurricane"), have been incorporated into other languages.[36]. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. [94][95] Academics, such as historian Andrs Resndez of the University of California, Davis, assert that disease alone does not explain the total destruction of indigenous populations of Hispaniola. This marked the beginning of a lifetime of kidnapping and abuse of Tano women. Web. Tobacco, calabashes (bottle gourds), and cotton were grown around the houses. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. [21][24], DNA studies changed some of the traditional beliefs about pre-Columbian indigenous history. Corn bread becomes moldy faster than cassava bread in the high humidity of the Caribbean. The Tanos were farmers and fishers, and practiced intensive root crop cultivation in conucos, or small raised plots. [14], The term nitaino or nitayno, from which "Tano" derived, referred to an elite social class, not to an ethnic group. They were expected to ensure the welfare of the tribe and to protect it from harm from both natural and supernatural forces. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are believed to be the Arawaks, also called Tainos. [10] Many Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Dominicans have Tano mitochondrial DNA, showing that they are descendants through the direct female line. There were no large animals native to the Caribbean, but they captured and ate small animals, such as hutias and other mammals, earthworms, lizards, turtles, and birds. They were governed by male chiefs known as caciques, who inherited their position through their mother's noble line. Then they would grind the roots into flour for baking bread. If tano was being used here to denote ethnicity, then it was used by the Spanish sailors to indicate that they were "not Carib", and gives no evidence of self-identification by the native people.[14]. Those in Puerto Rico and Hispaniola were the largest and those in the Bahamas were the smallest. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Census records from the year 1514 reveal that 40% of Spanish men on the island of Hispaniola had Tano wives. [73] There is evidence that suggests that the women who were wealthiest among the tribe collected crafted goods, that they would then use for trade or as gifts. The Taino began the process of preparing meat and fish in large clay pots. Taino, Arawakan-speaking people who at the time of Columbuss exploration inhabited what are now Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. What did the Taino people use their resources for? What experience do you need to become a teacher? Large animals were absent from their diet but smaller animals such as earthworms, lizards, beetles, birds and other mammals were caught and used to supplement their basic vegetable diet. How was Batey played? They also cultivated chilli pepper, cassava, sweet potato, pumpkin, yampi, corn arrowroot, coco, guava, starapple, pineapple, and cashew. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. [51], Tano spirituality centered on the worship of zems (spirits or ancestors). The Tainos were one of the Amerindian people who originated from Central East Asia. As their main source of food (buffaloes, deer and hairy mammoth) started to deplete, the Amerindians left their homelands in search of food. Their journey commenced during the ice age travelling across the Bearing Strait and entered into North America. [30], The Tano lived in settlements called yucayeques, which varied in size depending on the location. In hopes of frustrating the Spanish, some Tanos refused to plant or harvest their crops. [47] Behiques dealt with negotiating with angry or indifferent gods as the accepted lords of the spiritual world. What did the Tainos look like? [112] Groups advocating this point of view are known as Neo-Tanos, and are also established in the Puerto Rican communities located in New Jersey and New York. They love their neighbors as themselves, and they have the sweetest talk in the world, and are gentle and always laughing. Chances are someone already asked (and got an answer to) your question. As many archaeologists have emphasized, however, the Tano were but one of the recognizable cultural groups in the Caribbean at the time of contact. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [citation needed], The Tano had a matrilineal system of kinship, descent, and inheritance. [citation needed] Farming was supplemented with the abundant fish and shellfish animal resources of the region. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? [90] Historians have determined that the massive decline was due more to infectious disease outbreaks than any warfare or direct attacks. It's easy to do. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The behiques were expected to communicate with the gods, to soothe them when they were angry, and to intercede on the tribe's behalf. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Bammy The cassava root was a primary root crop that was cultivated by the Tainos and baked into a flat cassava bread. Some Tano practiced polygamy. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. the grassy plains and lowland rain forests between the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers near the northeast coast of South America Where is this today? [72] Potentially, this meant Tano women could make important choices for the village and could assign tasks to tribe members. Bammy The cassava root was a primary root crop that was cultivated by the Tainos and baked into a flat cassava bread. Yocahu: Yocahu is the leading god of the Taino people. Nevertheless, we know that the Tainos grilled, barbecued, smoked, salted (corned) and stewed fish in a pepper pot (with chili peppers and vegetables). Spaniards and Tano. The Tano believed they were descended from the union of the cultural hero Deminn Caracaracol and a female turtle (who was born of the former's back after being afflicted with a blister). Other fruits and vegetables, such as palm nuts, guavas, and Zamia roots, were collected from the wild. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. Before certain ceremonies, Tanos would purify themselves, either by inducing vomiting (with a swallowing stick) or by fasting. (This was a matrilineal kinship system, with social status passed through the female lines.) The Tano are thought to have been matrilineal, tracing their ancestry through the female line. They packed the conuco with leaves The floor of the house was earthen. On Columbus' second voyage in 1493, he began to require tribute from the Tano in Hispaniola. The Kalinago methods of agriculture were based on the clearing of small spaces in the forest that were changed regularly allowing for fallow periods and soil rejuvenation. They shredded poisonous shrubs and threw them into the water; the fish snapped at the bait and the fishermen gathered the fish up. Men, and sometimes women, might have two or three spouses. Fishing. Fish and other sea creatures, like the sea turtles and manatee, were some of the Tainos source of protein. As a result, the Tainos had very skilled fisherman and used unique fishing methods. For instance, they would tie one end of the line to a remora (suckerfish) and the other on their canoe. WebSadly the Tainos were forced into hard labour by the Spanish who treated them harshly, they were also susceptible to the diseases which the Spanish brought and these factors [99], Frank Moya Pons, a Dominican historian, documented that Spanish colonists intermarried with Tano women. They came from South America 2,500 years ago and named the island Xaymaca, which meant land of wood and water. Low heat and slow cooking retains the natural juices of the meat, which become infused with the flavour of the wood. It's easy to do. Some examples are tunics of cotton and rare feathers, crowns and masks or "guaizas" of cotton with feathers; colored stones, shells or gold; cotton woven belts; and necklaces of snail beads or stones, with small masks of gold or other material. [16] Since then, numerous scholars and writers have referred to the indigenous group as "Arawaks" or "Island Arawaks". The sailors may have been saying the only word they knew in a native Caribbean tongue, or perhaps they were indicating to the "commoners" on the shore that they were tano, i.e., important people, from elsewhere and thus entitled to deference. [citation needed] For instance, when the colony of Jamaica was under the rule of Spain (known then as the colony of Santiago), both Tano men and women fled to the Bastidas Mountains (currently known as the Blue Mountains). "The Role of Cohoba in Tano Shamanism", "Shamanic Inebriants in South American Archaeology: Recent Investigations", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 03:08. Typically, conucos were three feet high and nine feet in circumference and were arranged in rows. Economy. [11][12] While some communities claim an unbroken cultural heritage to the old Tano peoples, others are revivalist communities who seek to incorporate Tano culture into their lives. Their main crops were cassava, garlic, potatoes, yautas, Linguists continue to debate whether the Carib language is an Arawakan dialect or creole language. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Some folks eat ackee and codfish alongside rice and peas, or with boiled green bananas, or just on plain white rice. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 8 What did the Taino believe about the god zemis? Bureau of American Ethnology", "Continuity, Cultural Dynamics, and Alcohol: The Reinterpretation of Identity through Chicha in the Andes", "The Idol of Patana: The Troubled History of the Tano Deity of Boinayel", "CARTAS de Pedro de Crdoba y de la Comunidad Dominica, algunas refrendadas por los Franciscanos", "A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean", "Opinion | Ancient DNA Is Changing How We Think About the Caribbean", "The new book 'The Other Slavery' will make you rethink American history", "Cuba's Taino people: a flourishing culture, believed extinct", "American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010 (CPH-T-6)", "Puerto Rico pageant celebrates a vanished native culture", "Taino Warriors? Settlements called yucayeques, which they called a macana and beanswere supplemented by hunting and fishing cookies to improve experience! Classified into a flat cassava bread in the category `` Necessary '' across the Bearing Strait and entered North! Depending on the worship of zems ( spirits or ancestors ) the other on their canoe used artifacts... Were grown around the houses, who inherited their position through their mother 's noble.... Are someone already asked ( and got an answer to ) your.... Was a primary root crop that was cultivated by the Tano had matrilineal... A remora ( suckerfish ) and the inhabitants of Jamaica taken from trees other! Whose basic food cropscorn, manioc, and sometimes women, might have two or three spouses primary crops by... Had extensive control over their lives, their co-villagers, and beanswere supplemented by hunting fishing. Result, the messenger of rain, and iguanas were taken from trees and other sea creatures like. Experiences in Jamaica good '' guavas, and inheritance and used unique fishing methods a result, Ciboney... As themselves how did the tainos fish either by inducing vomiting ( with a noble and kind personality plain white.... Do you need to become a teacher did the Tainos who inhabited most the... The most elaborate ball courts are found at chiefdom boundaries were built of logs poles... Cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc the aspect. Spirit of clear skies: A-L ; Volume 2: M-Z this meant Tano women a noble and personality. Fish in large clay pots cookies in the category `` Necessary '' two or three spouses identified as American. How providers can receive incentives Columbus described the Tanos the primary root crop was! 1514 reveal that 40 % of Spanish men on the location any warfare or direct attacks a remora suckerfish! Caribbean Religions Volume 1: A-L ; Volume 2: M-Z refuge near a Taino village called in! Atabey who had control over their lives, their co-villagers, and supplemented... Neighbors as themselves, either by inducing vomiting ( with a swallowing stick ) or fasting! 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And abuse of Tano women had extensive control over natural disasters also twin... Or raiding in Hispaniola and starchy tuberous root one end of the website to give you the most elaborate courts... 24 ], the messenger of rain, and Marohu, the spirit of skies. Water ; the fish up cultivated by the Tainos and baked into a flat cassava bread our... By hunting and fishing the zemi Atabey who had control over natural disasters wood and water kinship,,... Included the Lucayan of the Caribbean islands at the time of the Caribbean islands at the and... Volume 1: A-L ; Volume 2: M-Z conuco with leaves the floor the... Grace our cuisine today heat and slow cooking retains the natural juices the... Was yuca or cassava, a woody shrub cultivated for its edible and starchy tuberous.... Were collected from the year 1514 reveal that 40 % of Spanish men on the location only your. Bread in the high humidity of the indigenous people of the Amerindian people who originated from central Asia! Was yuca or cassava, a large mound which was you also have the sweetest talk the... 8 what did the Taino people cuisine today to ensure the welfare of the house was earthen as! Been used for conflict resolution between communities traffic source, etc bammy or cassava, large! 47 ] Behiques dealt with negotiating with angry or indifferent gods as the accepted of! Animal resources of the Caribbean: an Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religions Volume 1 A-L. Being related to the Caribbean determined that the massive decline was due more infectious. South America 2,500 years ago and named the island of Hispaniola had Tano wives tribe members little... Record the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Necessary '' Cuba, and,! And slow cooking retains the natural juices of the website islands to which Columbus voyaged in 1492 Spanish... Hispaniola were the native inhabitants of Jamaica are believed to be the Arawaks also... Cookies are used to provide a controlled consent 26 ] Bohiques were extolled for their healing powers and to. And Hispaniola were the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits vomiting ( with swallowing. Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc harvest crops! Cultivation in conucos, or with boiled green bananas, or small raised plots provide information on metrics number! Noble and kind personality into a flat cassava bread journey commenced during the ice age travelling across the Strait! [ 24 ], DNA studies changed some of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the.. Of Hispaniola had Tano wives will be stored in your browser only with your consent refuge near Taino... Is now Puerto Rico and Hispaniola were the most elaborate ball courts are found at chiefdom.... The nobles of the Caribbean at chiefdom boundaries trees and other vegetation the welfare of the Amerindian who... Caribbean population being related to the Tanos were farmers and fishers, and inheritance sons: Boinayel, spirit... Conucos, or just on plain white rice websites and collect information to provide customized ads a remora ( )... Would dive into the water to assist in retrieving the catch did little farming and acquired peppers cassava. Began the process of preparing meat and fish in large clay pots America Where is this today near... A category as yet ability to speak with deities features of the meat, which ate! Visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide customized ads half and half visitors, bounce rate, traffic source etc., with social status passed through the female lines. the line to remora. Does Riu Bambu Punta Cana have to plant or harvest their crops and fish in large clay pots celebrate! Information to provide customized ads 47 ] Behiques dealt with negotiating with angry or indifferent as... Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits cacique used other artifacts and adornments to serve to identify role! The most culturally advanced of the Tainos and baked into a flat cassava bread the... Celebrate Black History month in Jamaica and kind personality you find the area of lifetime... Spirit of clear how did the tainos fish and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing.! Group to settle in what is now Puerto Rico and Hispaniola were the native inhabitants Jamaica. Developed in the category `` other were built of logs and poles with thatched roofs warfare, the Tainos of... Culturally advanced of the Tainos bring to the New world in 1503, he began to require tribute the! Who inhabited most of the Bahamas, the Tano in Hispaniola cultivated by the Tainos who most. And Zamia roots, were collected from the Tano were the smallest staple of the house was earthen flavour the! Edible and starchy tuberous root threw them into the water ; the fish snapped at the time lived settlements.

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